Kettle hats & cabassets

The medieval kettle hat is one of the most recognizable and versatile helmets from European history and is often depicted in illuminated manuscripts. This helmet, also known as a kettle hat or chapel-de-fer, became popular from the 12th century and remained in use well into the 15th century. The design is simple yet effective: a round or slightly conical helmet with a wide sloping brim. This brim was intended to deflect blows, arrows, and falling debris, providing protection that was unmatched by any other helmet type during battles in open terrain and sieges.

The kettle hat was worn by a wide range of fighters, including infantrymen, crusaders, city guards, and archers. Because sight and hearing were hardly restricted, this helmet type was ideal for soldiers who needed to react quickly. During the Crusades, the kettle hat was particularly favored for its good sun protection and ability to deflect rain and arrows from above.

In agricultural communities and city armies, the kettle hat was a practical choice: it was relatively inexpensive to produce and required less specialized craftsmanship than more complex helmets like the bascinet or great helm. This allowed for large-scale production, contributing to its widespread distribution throughout Europe.

In the 14th and 15th centuries, the kettle hat underwent improvements. Some models acquired a more conical shape to better deflect blows. Additionally, variants with reinforced brims or ribs for extra sturdiness appeared. Despite the rise of more advanced plate armor, the kettle hat remained in use, especially among infantry who needed maximum visibility and protection against projectiles.